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moderate Litigation Risk — 89.9% Pre-1990 Building Stock

Office Building ADA Compliance in Torrance

3,241 office buildings across 8 commercial corridors. With 89.9% of buildings constructed before 1990 and an average build year of 1974, Torrance office buildings face significant ADA compliance challenges.

3,241
Office Building Properties
89.9%
Built Before 1990
moderate
Litigation Risk
$1K–$5M
Typical Settlement
CASp #991Built Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterMS Structural EngineeringTutor Perini Veteran$1M Insured

City Intelligence Brief

Torrance has 3,241 office buildings, 89.9% built before 1990 (avg. year 1974), concentrated along Hawthorne Boulevard Corridor. Office Building ADA litigation risk is moderate in Torrance, with settlements reaching $5M — non-compliant accessible parking spaces is the leading trigger. Torrance's 9.8% disability rate and 17.5% senior population create above-average demand for accessible office buildings. City of Torrance Community Development Department (Building & Safety Division) oversees ADA compliance for Torrance's office buildings, with 5 local programs supporting accessibility upgrades.

Building Stock Analysis

Office Building Building Stock in Torrance

Torrance's Hawthorne Boulevard Corridor corridor has 89.9% pre-1990 office buildings with an average build year of 1974, making non-compliant accessible parking spaces especially common.

An analysis of office building properties in Torrance, including building age, square footage, and key commercial corridors.

3,241

Office Building Properties

60.98M

Total Sq Ft

89.9%

Built Before 1990

1974

Avg Year Built

Typical Era: 1975-1990

Key Corridors

Hawthorne Boulevard Corridor

Primary north-south commercial spine extending 6 miles through Torrance, encompassing 857 acres under the Hawthorne Boulevard Corridor Specific Plan (adopted 1996, amended 2019). Contains the Central Business District with Class A office towers, Del Amo Fashion Center, and dense retail/restaurant nodes. Average daily traffic exceeds 40,000 vehicles.

Torrance Boulevard Corridor

Major east-west commercial arterial running approximately 4.5 miles, carrying over 45,000 vehicles per day. Dense commercial strip with medical offices clustered near Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center.

190th Street Corridor

East-west commercial and office corridor containing 4,126,074 SF of office inventory with a notably low 1.09% direct vacancy rate. Mix of office, industrial, flex, and retail.

Western Avenue Industrial/Commercial Corridor

North-south corridor through eastern Torrance with industrial/flex uses near 190th Street transitioning to commercial southward. Contains significant industrial building stock.

Showing corridors most relevant to Office Buildings. 8 total corridors in Torrance.

Notable Buildings

The Torrance (Class A Office Tower)

21250 Hawthorne Blvd

Built 1988

306,765 sq ft

Del Amo Crossing (Office Campus)

21515-21615 Hawthorne Blvd

Built 1967

227,666 sq ft

Village Del Amo (Grocery-Anchored Retail Center)

21201-21327 Hawthorne Blvd

Built 1975

166,365 sq ft

Torrance Medical Plaza

19000 Hawthorne Blvd

Built 1981

24,000 sq ft

Pyramid Office and Medical Park

22939 Hawthorne Blvd

Built 1970

29,029 sq ft

Pacific Electric Railway Depot (The Depot Restaurant)

1250 Cabrillo Ave

Built 1912

4,500 sq ft

El Prado/Sartori Corner Commercial Building

1304 El Prado Ave

Built 1938

10,200 sq ft

Torrance Executive Plaza East

3400-3528 Torrance Blvd

Built 1975

186,053 sq ft

Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center

4101 Torrance Blvd

Built 1960

550,000 sq ft

The Medical Centre

4201 Torrance Blvd

Built 1978

95,202 sq ft

Torrance Civic Plaza and Medical Center

3500 Torrance Blvd

Built 1975

190,276 sq ft

Torrance Shopping Plaza (Target/Ralphs Center)

2750 Sepulveda Blvd

Built 1970

165,903 sq ft

Sepulveda/Arlington Office Building

2200 Sepulveda Blvd

Built 1991

16,290 sq ft

Torrance Gateway Phase III (Industrial)

1900-1940 W 190th St

Built 2005

270,447 sq ft

190th Street/Western Avenue Commercial Center

NW corner 190th St & Western Ave

Built 2023

22,939 sq ft

Del Amo Fashion Center

3525 W Carson St

Built 1966

2,517,765 sq ft

Torrance Executive Plaza West

3828-3858 Carson St

Built 1975

158,559 sq ft

Western Business Center

20655-20725 S Western Ave

Built 1979

130,810 sq ft

Rexford Industrial Building

21515 Western Ave

Built 2024

83,740 sq ft

Litigation Intelligence

ADA Litigation Risk for Office Building in Torrance

With a moderate litigation risk and settlements reaching $5M, office buildings in Torrance face significant ADA exposure — Office buildings classified purely as "commercial facilities" under ADA Title III face substantially lower litigation ri….

Litigation Risk Level

moderate

Office buildings classified purely as "commercial facilities" under ADA Title III face substantially lower litigation risk than retail, restaurant, or hospitality properties. The ADA explicitly defines commercial facilities as "privately owned, nonresidential facilities such as factories, warehouses, or office buildings". Unlike public accommodations, commercial facilities are **not** subject to the ongoing "readily achievable barrier removal" obligation. Their compliance duties arise primarily in connection with new construction or alterations. That said, the accessible path from parking through the lobby, elevators, restrooms, and common areas on every occupied floor must comply with ADA Standards and CBC 11B whenever new construction occurs or alterations are made. Multi-tenant buildings introduce layered liability: under *Botosan v. Paul McNally Realty* (9th Cir. 2000), both the landlord and tenant carry concurrent ADA obligations, and lease provisions allocating responsibility to tenants do not absolve the landlord. Conversely, under *Kohler v. Bed Bath & Beyond* (9th Cir. 2015), tenants are generally not liable for ADA violations in areas controlled exclusively by the landlord, such as shared parking lots.

Typical Settlement Range

$1,000 – $5,150,000

Most Targeted Property Types

RestaurantRetail StoreGas StationMedical OfficeHotel

Plaintiff Firms Targeting Office Buildings

FirmFocusVolume
Employee vs. Visitor Plaintiff Patterns
Landlord-Targeted vs. Tenant-Targeted Lawsuits

Targeting Pattern

The distinction between employee and visitor claims is critical for office buildings: - Title I (Employment): Employees and applicants at workplaces with 15 or more employees are protected under ADA Title I, which requires reasonable accommodations in the workplace.

Serial plaintiffs—who account for a disproportionate share of California's ADA filings—overwhelmingly target public-facing businesses such as restaurants, gas stations, and retail stores.

ADA Violations & Risk Profile for Office Buildings

1

Non-Compliant Accessible Parking Spaces

ADA §502; CBC 11B-502

Parking garage or surface lot spaces have excessive slopes/cross-slopes, improper dimensions, or faded striping. This is the #1 violation statewide with 1,755 instances (15.96% of all violations).

Regulatory Context

The accessible route from parking to the building entrance is the single most-litigated area in California ADA cases, with parking-related violations occupying three of the top ten positions statewide. For office building parking garages, the route must include: Properly dimensioned and signed accessible spaces (including van-accessible) Compliant slopes and cross-slopes Detectable warning surfaces at vehicular-way crossings An accessible path with proper width (36 inches minimum, 48 inches preferred), lighting, and curb ramps connecting to the lobby entrance

$500–$2,000Most common single violation in California ADA lawsuits
2

Inaccessible Exterior Path of Travel

ADA §402–403; CBC 11B-402, 11B-403

Routes from parking lot or public right-of-way to the building entrance have non-compliant surfaces, excessive slopes, or lack detectable warnings. Recorded 1,197 instances (10.89%).

$2,000–$15,000Second most common violation statewide
3

Missing or Non-Compliant Parking Signage

ADA §502.6; CBC 11B-502.6, 11B-502.8

Accessible parking spaces lack proper International Symbol of Accessibility signs, van-accessible designations, or tow-away signage at entrances. Recorded 1,074 instances (9.77%).

$100–$300Third most common violation statewide
4

Non-Compliant Counter/Surface Heights

ADA §902, §904; CBC 11B-902, 11B-904

Reception desks, lobby counters, and sign-in areas exceed maximum height requirements (34 inches max for accessible portions). Recorded 1,035 instances (9.41%).

$1,500–$5,000Fourth most common violation statewide
5

Non-Compliant Exterior Ramps and Stairs

ADA §405–406; CBC 11B-405, 11B-406

Building entrance ramps exceed 1:12 slope ratio, lack compliant landings, or are missing handrails and edge protection. Recorded 894 instances (8.13%).

$3,000–$15,000Fifth most common violation statewide
6

Interior Path-of-Travel Obstructions

ADA §307; CBC 11B-307

Objects project into accessible corridors (wall-mounted displays, fire extinguisher cabinets, planters) reducing clearance below the 80-inch head height or beyond the 4-inch protrusion limit. Recorded 644 instances (5.86%).

$500–$3,000Sixth most common violation statewide
7

Non-Compliant Van-Accessible Spaces and Loading Zones

ADA §502.2; CBC 11B-502.2, 11B-503

Office building parking facilities lack van-accessible spaces with 96-inch-wide access aisles, or loading zones are missing or noncompliant. Recorded 498 instances (4.53%).

$1,000–$5,000Seventh most common violation statewide
8

Non-Compliant Restroom Entry Doors

ADA §404; CBC 11B-404, 11B-603

Restroom doors have non-compliant thresholds, inaccessible hardware (round knobs instead of lever handles), or insufficient maneuvering clearance. Recorded 394 instances (3.58%) and rising—this violation moved from 11th place in 2023 to 9th in 2024.

$1,000–$5,000Ninth most common overall; highest restroom-specific violation and trending upward
Regulatory

Elevator Accessibility Requirements (Multi-Story)

The ADA's "3-and-3,000" rule provides that elevators are not required in private buildings that are either fewer than three stories or have fewer than 3,000 square feet per story. However, this exemption does not apply to shopping centers, healthcare providers' offices, transit stations, or government facilities. A standard multi-story office building exceeding these thresholds must provide at least one accessible elevator.

CBC 11B
Regulatory

Restroom Requirements Per Floor

Under CBC 11B-213, where toilet and bathing facilities are provided, each toilet room must be accessible and connected to an accessible route from an accessible entry. At minimum, 10% (but no fewer than one) of urinals and lavatories must be accessible. In alterations where full compliance is technically infeasible, a single accessible unisex restroom on the same floor is an acceptable alternative.

CBC 11B-213
Regulatory

Lobby and Common Area Requirements

Building lobbies that are open to the public may qualify as "places of public accommodation," triggering the full range of Title III obligations including ongoing barrier removal. Key elements include: Accessible entrance doors (32-inch minimum clear width, lever hardware) Reception counter with a lowered accessible section (34 inches max) Accessible directory and wayfinding signage with Braille and raised characters Clear floor space and turning radius for wheelchair users

Regulatory

Tenant Improvement Trigger: The 20% Rule

When alterations are made to a "primary function area" (any space where the building's core activity occurs), the path of travel from that area to site arrival points—including parking, entrance, restrooms, and drinking fountains—must be made accessible. This obligation is capped at 20% of the total alteration cost. However, under California law, if the total project cost exceeds the valuation threshold (currently $186,172), the 20% cap does not apply, and full path-of-travel compliance is required regardless of cost.

Regulatory

Multi-Tenant Liability Allocation

Both landlord and tenant are liable to plaintiffs under *Botosan*. Lease provisions can allocate financial responsibility between the parties but cannot eliminate liability to third parties. Under *Kohler*, a tenant is generally not liable for violations in areas outside its control (e.g., a single tenant suite cannot be held responsible for shared parking lot violations).

Regulatory

Emergency Evacuation Accessibility

California Building Code requires areas of refuge in multi-story buildings—designated areas where persons unable to use stairways can wait for assistance during emergencies. In existing building alterations, areas of refuge are not required. When an accessible floor is four or more stories above or below the exit discharge level, at least one accessible means of egress must be an elevator complying with emergency operation requirements.

Regulatory

Conference Room and Break Room Accessibility

Conference rooms, break rooms, and kitchenettes within office space are not classified as "employee work areas" under the ADA; they are common-use spaces requiring full accessibility. This includes accessible routes to these spaces, compliant door hardware, adequate maneuvering clearance, accessible tables and counters, and accessible kitchen/break room appliances at appropriate reach heights. *

3,252 cases (37.5% of national total)

Federal ADA Title III filings in California (2025)

8,667 cases

National ADA Title III federal filings (2025)

Seven of the top 11 ZIP codes for CCDA complaints are in LA County (2024)

LA County concentration

3,513 state and federal filings with 10,994 alleged violations

CCDA construction-related accessibility complaints (2024)

2,598 federal ADA filings (79.9% of California's federal total)

Top law firm federal filings — So Cal Equal Access Group (2024)

$6,000–$22,000 (typical: $16,000)

Typical single-visit settlement range (South Bay)

A CASp inspection completed before any lawsuit confers Qualified Defendant status under Cal. Civ. Code §55.51, providing three critical protections: a mandatory 90-day stay of court proceedings (halting attorney fee accumulation), a mandatory early evaluation conference facilitating rapid settlement, and a 75% reduction in statutory damages from $4,000 to $1,000 per offense for violations corrected within 60 days. In Garcia v. Zarco Hotels (2023-2025), a property with documented CASp compliance defeated serial plaintiff claims and recovered $142,584 in defense attorney fees. Despite these powerful protections, the CCDA reported that 99% of defendants in 2024 did not utilize them — making proactive CASp inspection one of the most cost-effective risk mitigation strategies available to Torrance property owners.

Accessibility Demand

Who Needs Accessible Office Buildings in Torrance

Torrance's 9.8% disability rate and 17.5% senior population create high demand for accessible office buildings.

9.8%

Residents with Disabilities

17.5%

Residents 65+

4,878

Veterans

Accessible workplaces are required to accommodate employees and visitors with disabilities.

Permit Requirements

Building Department & Permit Requirements

City of Torrance Community Development Department (Building & Safety Division) in Torrance oversees ADA compliance for 3,241 office buildings — 2022 California Building Standards Code — no local amendments to CBC Chapter 11B accessibility provisions; state CBC 11B requirements adopted as-is.

City of Torrance Community Development Department (Building & Safety Division)

Independent municipal jurisdiction — fully incorporated city with its own building department. NOT under LADBS jurisdiction. Torrance adopts the California Building Code without local amendments to Chapter 11B accessibility provisions.

Current building code2022 California Building Standards Code — no local amendments to CBC Chapter 11B accessibility provisions; state CBC 11B requirements adopted as-is
Path-of-travel triggerAlterations above $195,358 CBC valuation threshold trigger full path-of-travel upgrade; below threshold, 20% of adjusted construction cost allocated to barrier removal
See full details →

Local Resources

Local Programs & Resources

5 local programs

Torrance Property Rehabilitation Rebate Program (Commercial Rehabilitation Rebate)

Launched September 2022 by the City of Torrance to offer financial incentives for renovation, restoration, and preservation of exterior facades. Covers code compliance issues including CBC 11B accessibility requirements triggered by exterior renovations. Annual application cycle — program expected to reopen for applications in March/April 2025.

CDBG Sidewalk Improvements for Disabled Accessibility (I-135)

City of Torrance Public Works capital improvement project funded by CDBG, Measure M, and TDA funds. The FY25-26 phase allocates $1.2 million for repair of damaged sidewalks and upgrade of ADA curb ramps in the Crenshaw/Sepulveda/Arlington/230th area, with construction from February to June 2026.

View all programs for Torrance
CASp

License #991

State-Certified Accessibility Specialist

MS

Built Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center

MS Structural Engineering · Tutor Perini

QD

Qualified Defendant Status

Reduces statutory damages 75% with 90-day litigation stay

What a CASp Inspector Evaluates: Office Building

Key CBC 11B and ADA Standards requirements checked during a CASp inspection

ADA Compliance Costs: Office Building in Torrance

Understanding remediation investment and litigation risk

Remediation Investment

Minor Barriers$3,000
Typical Property$15,000
Extensive Barriers$45,000

Cost of Inaction

CASp Inspection

4–6 hours on-site

$2,000–$4,000
Typical Settlement

Based on Torrance data

$1K–$5M
Protection Value1:4

Factors That Affect Your Remediation Cost

  • Building height and elevator count
  • Parking structure configuration
  • Common area restroom count
  • Lobby and reception area age
  • Multi-tenant lease structure

Estimates based on industry data and typical remediation projects in California. Actual costs vary based on property condition, scope of barriers identified, and local contractor rates. A CASp inspection report will identify specific barriers and prioritize remediation.

Torrance Office Building Compliance Landscape

Local enforcement data combined with office building ADA requirements

Torrance office building properties face a moderate litigation risk environment. Typical settlements for office building violations in this market range from $1K to $5M. Of the 3,241 office building properties in Torrance, 89.9% were built before 1990 and are subject to heightened compliance scrutiny. Office buildings classified purely as "commercial facilities" under ADA Title III face substantially lower litigation risk than retail, restaurant, or hospitality properties. The ADA explicitly defines commercial facilities as "privately owned, nonresidential facilities such as factories, warehouses, or office buildings". Unlike public accommodations, commercial facilities are **not** subject to the ongoing "readily achievable barrier removal" obligation. Their compliance duties arise primarily in connection with new construction or alterations. That said, the accessible path from parking through the lobby, elevators, restrooms, and common areas on every occupied floor must comply with ADA Standards and CBC 11B whenever new construction occurs or alterations are made. Multi-tenant buildings introduce layered liability: under *Botosan v. Paul McNally Realty* (9th Cir. 2000), both the landlord and tenant carry concurrent ADA obligations, and lease provisions allocating responsibility to tenants do not absolve the landlord. Conversely, under *Kohler v. Bed Bath & Beyond* (9th Cir. 2015), tenants are generally not liable for ADA violations in areas controlled exclusively by the landlord, such as shared parking lots.

JR

Jose Rubio

Certified Access Specialist

CASp #991
Built Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterMS Structural EngineeringTutor Perini veteran$1M+ insured

Jose Rubio brings over 15 years of structural engineering and construction experience to every CASp inspection. He built Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center with Tutor Perini and holds an MS in Structural Engineering.

View full credentials →
The information on this site is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Consult a licensed attorney for advice specific to your situation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Protect Your Torrance Office Building

Schedule a CASp inspection and activate Qualified Defendant status under California Civil Code §55.56.